Joseph & Emma JENKINS - have a

George VAUGHN - brother-in-law aged 32, married Sugar Refiner, born Bristol.

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1841 Census Gloucester St James

Harriet VAUGHAN - 30
George VAUGHAN - 5
Charles VAUGHAN - 1
Emma HAND - 15 - Female Servant

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1841 Census, Tidenham - Churchend Hamlet

William VAUGHAN - 60 - Ag Lab. born in County
Ann VAUGHAN - 60 born in County
John VAUGHAN - 15

next door

James JENKINS 80 - not born in County
Ann JENKINS - 70 - not born in County
next page
Lewis WILLIAMS - 65 - not born in County

// (end of household)

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1851 Census, Tidenham Chase

William VAUGHAN - 81, Glos Tidenham
Ann - 72 - born Newland (nee WILLIAMS) - married at Tidenham 3 August 1798
John - 27 - Ag Lab born Tidenham
Harriet - 22
John - 2

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1851 Census, Bristol St Philip & Jacob
Wade Street

William VAUGHAN - 50 - Haulier, born Gloucester Tidenham
Harriet - 50 - born Somerset
George - 15 - born Bristol
Charles - 10 - ditto

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1861 Census, Wade Street

VAUGHAN

William - 60 - Potatoe Peeler, born Tidenham, (Blind)
Harriet - 60 all born Bristol
Willm - son - 31 - married
George - son - 25 - married
Chas - son - 20 married
Ann - daughter-in-law 26
Isabella - daughter-in-law - 21 (married to Chase 1871 census)
3 grandchildren listed
Harriot -1
George - 4 months
Willm - 1

Record ID 28488
Entry Number 84
Year 1847
Month Dec
Day 28
Grooms Surname JENKINS
Grooms Forenames Joseph
Grooms Age full
Groom Condition Bachelor
Grooms Occupation Labourer
Grooms Residence Rosemary Lane Tidenham
Grooms Fathers Surname Jenkins
Grooms Fathers Forenames James
Grooms Fathers Occupation Carpenter
Brides Surname HAND
Brides Forenames Emma
Brides Age full
Brides Condition Spinster
Brides Occupation Servant
Brides Residence The Chase Tidenham
Brides Fathers Surname Hand
Brides Fathers Forenames Richard
Brides Fathers Occupation Painter
Licence or Banns [not stated]
Date of Banns [not stated]
Signature or Mark both mark
Witness 1 Mark of Ann Graham
Witness 2 Mark of Abraham Turner
Other Witnesses
Officiating Minister John Armstrong Vicar
Event Marriage
Memoranda
Notes
Register Reference P333 IN 1/8
Page Number 42
Parish Chapel Tidenham

It certainly appears that Joseph's parents are James & Anne as you say.

Searching for James' marriage I recommend using the wonderful Advanced Search feature, as this quickly searches the PRs with minimal known inputs. This gives the following Marriage which looks reasonable to me ?:

Record ID 68720
Entry Number 4
Year 1824
Month
Day
Grooms Surname JENKINS
Grooms Forenames James
Grooms Age
Groom Condition
Grooms Occupation
Grooms Residence Whitchurch
Grooms Fathers Surname
Grooms Fathers Forenames
Grooms Fathers Occupation
Brides Surname CHRISTOFFE
Brides Forenames Anne
Brides Age
Brides Condition
Brides Occupation
Brides Residence Lanarth
Brides Fathers Surname
Brides Fathers Forenames
Brides Fathers Occupation
Licence or Banns Banns
Date of Banns 1824 Apr 18 25 May 2
Signature or Mark
Witness 1
Witness 2
Other Witnesses
Officiating Minister
Event Banns
Memoranda
Notes
Register Reference AC76/6
Page Number 1
Parish Chapel Whitchurch

Again using Advanced Search I've searched the Baptisms but no obvious siblings appear (I think, please try yourself). There are an awful lot of James & Ann/Anne Jenkins I see !!

Re Joseph & Emma moving to Tidenham searching the Glos FHS cd for the 1851 Census gives this household which seems correct:

2443 1851 CENSUS HO107/2443 FF.0424-0464 ED.10A CHEPSTOW 2

Piece: 2443 Folio: 0440 Schedule: 029

Address: Chase Road

JENKINS Joseph HD M 26 Ag. Lab. HEF Millchurch (c1825)
JENKINS Emma WI M 26 - WAR Birmingham (c1825)
JENKINS James SO - 2 At Home. GLS Tidenham (c1849)
JENKINS Joseph SO - 5M At Home. GLS Tidenham (c1850)
PARKER John LG U 30 Ag. Lab. GLS Tidenham (c1821)

I see from the Marriage Emma was a Servant at The Chase, Tidenham. Perhaps they set up home near there, as per this Census, while she continued working there for a few years until the children arrived ?. Perhaps Joseph was now working on the land there too ?.

I'm NO expert on Tidenham but I think the general phrase "The Chase" generally refers to an area of historical importance eg a manor house ??. I've found these references within the ever-reliable British History website.

An estate called CHASE FARM originated in a sale allotment of 279 a. on the west of Tidenham Chase which was bought by James Nerot at inclosure in 1815; he sold it in 1818 to Alexander Trotter. The estate was heavily mortgaged and the interest was in arrears by 1842 when Henry Churchyard acquired the rights of the other mortgagees, and in the next year he bought the fee simple from Henry Trotter, Alexander's trustee. By 1870 the estate had passed to Mary Ann Churchyard who acquired other lands to the east of Chase farm from the Duke of Beaufort in that year. In 1892 she sold her estate, then 432 a., to the Marlings, who retained it until 1921; the house, which became known as Chase House, was leased separately while the estate was farmed from a smaller stone house built near-by by Sir William Marling in 1894. The smaller house and 180 a. were owned by Mr. W. P. Johnson in 1969. Chase House, which was then standing empty, is a two-story building of stone faced in rough-cast built by James Nerot shortly before 1818.

From: 'Tidenham including Lancaut: Manors and other estates', A History of the County of Gloucester: Volume 10: Westbury and Whitstone Hundreds (1972), pp. 62-68.
URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=15758&strquery=chase

Date accessed: 29 July 2012.

So this seems to backup my suggestion re them moving there for employment ?.

Perhaps of relevance to your Jenkins name is this, if you refer to the website it will detail their sources of information which maybe worth following-up, do you have Samuel & Robert Castle Jenkins in your line ?.

In 1815 the Allotments made to the owners of the rectory at the inclosure of Tidenham Chase and other lands were 15 a. to Harriet Williams, 8 a. to William Lewis, and 6 a. to Samuel Jenkins, and the corn-rents which were awarded in 1843 instead of the rectorial tithes from the remainder of the parish were £303 14s. to trustees for the Morgans and Buckles, £175 to the trustees of Dorothy Clowes, and £35 to Robert Castle Jenkins.

From this site's PRs, perhaps relevant? (there are a LOT of Tidenham Jenkins):

From the FoD PRS site see Baptisms for Arthur Samuel Jenkins b1816 & Samuel Jenkins b1821, both to Richard & Mary of Tidenham. Also a Burial in 1892 for Robert Castle Jenkins born abt 1803.

?????

I hope this helps.

LATER UPDATE: Sorry for inadvertantly duplicating Chris' post, it seems that I was compiling at the same time Chris was, independent verification if you like ;-)

Record_ID: 28488
Entry_Number: 84
Year: 1847
Month: Dec
Day: 28
Grooms_Surname: JENKINS
Grooms_Forenames: Joseph
Grooms_Age: full
Groom_Condition: Bachelor
Grooms_Occupation: Labourer
Grooms_Residence: Rosemary Lane Tidenham
Grooms_Fathers_Surname: Jenkins
Grooms_Fathers_Forenames: James
Grooms_Fathers_Occupation: Carpenter
Brides_Surname: HAND
Brides_Forenames: Emma
Brides_Age: full
Brides_Condition: Spinster
Brides_Occupation: Servant
Brides_Residence: The Chase Tidenham
Brides_Fathers_Surname: Hand
Brides_Fathers_Forenames: Richard
Brides_Fathers_Occupation: Painter
Licence_or_Banns: [not stated]
Date_of_Banns: [not stated]
Signature_or_Mark: both mark
Witness_1: Mark of Ann Graham
Witness_2: Mark of Abraham Turner
Other_Witnesses:
Officiating_Minister: John Armstrong Vicar
Event: Marriage
Memoranda:
Notes:
Register_Reference: P333 IN 1/8
Page_Number: 42
Parish_Chapel: Tidenham
Soundex_Groom: J525
Soundex_Bride: H530

Transcript Details

Record_ID: 280346
Entry_Number: 323
Year: 1825
Month: Nov
Day: 23
Parents_Surname: JENKINS
Child_Forenames: Joseph
Fathers_Forenames: James
Mothers_Forenames: Anne
Mothers_Surname:
Residence: Doward
Occupation: Labourer
Officiating_Minister: Geo. Pyrke Rector
Event: Baptism
Memoranda:
Notes:
Register_Reference: AC 76/1
Page_Number: 41
Parish_Chapel: Whitchurch
Soundex: J525

Another possible set of parents??

Record_ID: 68720
Entry_Number: 4
Year: 1824
Month:
Day:
Grooms_Surname: JENKINS
Grooms_Forenames: James
Grooms_Age:
Groom_Condition:
Grooms_Occupation:
Grooms_Residence: Whitchurch
Grooms_Fathers_Surname:
Grooms_Fathers_Forenames:
Grooms_Fathers_Occupation:
Brides_Surname: CHRISTOFFE
Brides_Forenames: Anne
Brides_Age:
Brides_Condition:
Brides_Occupation:
Brides_Residence: Lanarth
Brides_Fathers_Surname:
Brides_Fathers_Forenames:
Brides_Fathers_Occupation:
Licence_or_Banns: Banns
Date_of_Banns: 1824 Apr 18 25 May 2
Signature_or_Mark:
Witness_1:
Witness_2:
Other_Witnesses:
Officiating_Minister:
Event: Banns
Memoranda:
Notes:
Register_Reference: AC76/6
Page_Number: 1
Parish_Chapel: Whitchurch
Soundex_Groom: J525
Soundex_Bride: C623