Workhouse pregnancies (General)
by biokmst , Canton, Ohio USA, Monday, February 23, 2015, 14:19 (3562 days ago)
Hello all,
I was surprised at the number of single woman pregnancies that were baptized from the Westbury Workhouse in and around 1844.
Can anybody help explain this to me?
Thanks so much,
Cindy Boughton James
Workhouse pregnancies
by Jefff , West London, Middlesex, Monday, February 23, 2015, 16:27 (3561 days ago) @ biokmst
Hi Cindy,
on the face of it to me that seems quite a wide-ranging question ! I can think of various possible answers, but I'm afraid I'm unsure as to your specific thinking or angle, perhaps you can be a little more specific, please ?.
eg Approx how many pregnancies are you thinking about ?
Do you mean just for one family, or the Workhouse as a whole ?
Or are you surprised that a Workhouse had it's own Chapel ?
Around 1840 time the Workhouse was responsible for an overall local population of abt 9,000 - I don't know how many were resident at the Workhouse itself then, the 1841/1851 Census would give a good idea, it could be more than you might expect; at a guess perhaps 150?, the 1881 Census shows about 250 inmates(see website below).
Also don't forget that Westbury was the local Government/admin centre for the whole Eastern Forest, a fairly large area, as this excellent website shows
"Westbury-on-Severn Poor Law Union was formed on 28th September 1835, its 13 constituent parishes as listed below:
County of Gloucester: Abinghall, Awre, Blaisdon, Bulley, Churcham, Flaxley, Huntley, Littledean, Longhope, Minsterworth, Mitcheldean, Newnham, Westbury.
Later Addition: Hinders Lane and Dockham (1858-84)."
The population falling within the Union at the 1831 census had been 8,760 — with parishes ranging in size from Flaxley (population 186) to Westbury itself (2,032)."
(NB The latter addition of Hinders & Dockham grew into the new town of Cinderford)
from http://www.workhouses.org.uk/WestburyOnSevern/
Furthermore, perhaps as with nowadays, the % of single mothers so perhaps left to fend for themselves during childbirth, might be highest within the poorer classes, ie those already nearest to being "in the Workhouse" ?
I think another major reason is that it wasn't unusual for expectant mothers (particularly the younger ones (less experienced re childbirth), or those without home support from their own family(mother, gran, "nanny" etc) to admit themselves into the Workhouse on a temporary basis, to gain access to the help of their staff and even medical (Infirmary) facilities if they had them. This was certainly the case in later decades, when Poor Law Union Workhouses for larger towns etcs were very often nextdoor to the Union Infirmary, as discussed on this prior thread.
http://forum.forest-of-dean.net/index.php?mode=entry&id=42498
It was these Infirmaries that became the first NHS Hospitals as we understand them today, many of the UK's major modern Hospitals are still on their original Workhouse sites. A typical example is at Gloucester, whose first Infirmary was built in 1852, see
http://www.workhouses.org.uk/Gloucester/
Hope this helps a little, but if you can be more specific then we can try and give better answers, thanks.
Workhouse pregnancies
by RogerrGriffiths , Swindon, Monday, February 23, 2015, 16:42 (3561 days ago) @ Jefff
I think you have covered all angles Jeff. Including single women, without support, about to give birth going to the workhouse to have the child. Certainly not workhouses being dens of promiscuity. I think the sexes were separated anyway. Reminds me of Far from the Madding Crowd. Sergeant Troy gets a young woman with child, abandons her for Bathsheba, only to realise he truly loves her. The unfortunate young woman, can't remember her name, gets to the doors of the workhouse, only to die.
Workhouse pregnancies
by Jefff , West London, Middlesex, Monday, February 23, 2015, 16:49 (3561 days ago) @ RogerrGriffiths
Cheers Roger, yes I hadn't considered the possibility the child was a direct result of being in the Workhouse. I guess such a thing could happen, altho' as you say I think the sexes were kept apart, certainly in later years even families were split up in this way. However of course in those days as now,sadly, you might get some rogue staff with wicked intentions...
Workhouse pregnancies
by biokmst , Canton, Ohio USA, Monday, February 23, 2015, 18:00 (3561 days ago) @ biokmst
Thank you all for your responses. You do provide good and thoughtful reasons for this occurrence. I was looking up the baptism of my grxgrandfather and noticed the book I added the link to. It was a little shocking to go through the pages and see so many single mothers whose babies were baptized while mothers were sheltered by the Workhouse. Even though the poor, sick and incarcerated would be majority in a place like this, as well as a concentration of baptisms considering the adjoined chapel, it still seems disproportionate to me. Of course, I don't know the total number of people living there either, but there seem to be a couple women on each page of the registry.
I don't know if you are able to see the baptismal book with this link but it is listed as "Gloucestershire, England, Baptisms, 1813-1913"
Thanks again, for your replies!
Blessings!
Cindy Boughton James
http://interactive.ancestry.com/5066/41511_636897_1795-00070/694092?backurl=http%3a%2f%...
Workhouse pregnancies
by Jefff , West London, Middlesex, Monday, February 23, 2015, 18:55 (3561 days ago) @ biokmst
Hi Cindy,
thanks for that, yes I see what you mean.
Here's a couple more Ancestry links, to the relevant pages of the 1841 and 1851 Census (searched by entering no names but just "Westbury on Severn, Glos" as Location, and "Poor Union" etc.
1841 Westbury Workhouse Institution Census, 2 pages of special Census form for Institutions.
175 people in total including 5 staff, so 170 inmates, no sign of any inhouse medics as such.
I see the Enumerator/Registrar was a John Constance.
http://interactive.ancestry.co.uk/8978/GLSHO107_368_369-0493/2080137?backurl=http%3a%2f...
1851 Westbury on Severn Census, the workhouse covers the first four pages of the area's Census, equating to about 75 inmates and 4 staff.
http://interactive.ancestry.co.uk/8860/GLSHO107_1959_1959-0725/7662949?backurl=http%3a%...
Workhouse pregnancies
by D I Elsmore , Wednesday, February 25, 2015, 20:48 (3559 days ago) @ biokmst
Hi Cindy, Reference unmarried mothers. Some mothers who were rather young working away from home in the big cities if they fell pregnant were transfered back to where they were born to give birth in the workhouse and quite often in the later stages of their pregnacy so some of these mothers were only in the workhouse 1 or 2 months, and some babies were adopted so tracing can be very difficult unless you find a reference perhaps by families registering after birth or hear- say which i don`t like to repeat myself. Reading History, a lot of children were moved around and it got so bad what with wars as well the country had lost control for a period many religions/churches helped out and local parishes of the day. Ivan
Workhouse pregnancies
by biokmst , Canton, Ohio USA, Thursday, February 26, 2015, 13:56 (3559 days ago) @ D I Elsmore
Hi Ivan,
You present a very good point. My Grxgrandmother Elizabeth Boughton had given birth to my grandXfather James Boughton in the Workhouse. She had spent time being accused of stealing a sheep from a competitor's property. Her father, John, was a butcher which colored her charges. Subsequently it appears that charges were dropped against her.
She gave my Grandfather James her father's name as he lists "John" as his father on other documents. But, immediately after her release, she married a man with the last name of Meek and had several other children. To this day, I consider descendents of this family my cousins and those I've communicated with (and my Da visited) were fantastic people.
I do not think Mr. Meek was the father of my Grandfather. If so, he would have the name of Meek and listed Mr. Meek on his marriage application license instead of John Boughton. I pray to God that there was no incestual crap going on...I really don't want to know this if is may be true. Or it could be that this young woman fell in love and became pregnant before she went to the Workhouse. He could have been Boughton also. The name is popular in the Ruardean and Mitcheldean areas.
I just would like to know who James's real father is.
Once I looked onto the baptismal registry trying to gain any additional information, I was surprised by the number of single mothers here and questioned the purpose of the Workhouse. It sounds a little communal, but the number of single-mother births in this place is concerning to me.
Thanks for your response! Have a great day,
Cindy Boughton James